Chii chinonzi DNA?

DNA Chimiro uye Chimiro

DNA, inozivikanwawo, se deoxyribonucleic acid imorekuru, rinova boka remaatomu akabatana. Kana iri DNA, maatomu aya anobatanidzwa kuita chitarisiko chemanera akareba anotenderera. Tinogona kuona mufananidzo uri pano zvakajeka kuti tizive chimiro cheDNA.

Kana wakambodzidza biology, pamwe wakanzwa kuti DNA inoshanda sepurani kana kuti resipi yezvipenyu. Ko pasi pano molecule ringaite sei sepurani yechinhu chakaoma uye chinoshamisa semuti, imbwa nevanhu? Ndizvo zvinoshamisa chaizvo.

DNA ndeimwe yemazano ekupedzisira ekuraira. Zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura chero nzira-yebhuku yawakamboshandisa. Gwaro rose rekuraira rakanyorwa nekodhi. Kana iwe ukatarisa chimiro chemakemikari eDNA zvakanyanya, icharatidza matombo mana makuru ekuvaka. Tinodaidza aya mabhesi enitrogen: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), uye Cytosine (C). DNA inosanganisirawo shuga uye phosphate mapoka (akagadzirwa nephosphorus uye oksijeni). Izvi zvinogadzira phosphate-deoxyribose musana.

Kana iwe uchifunga nezvechimiro cheDNA semanera, mitsara yemanera inogadzirwa kubva kune iyo nitrogenous base. Aya mabhesi anobatana kuita nhanho imwe neimwe yemanera. Ivo zvakare vanobatana chete mune chaiyo nzira. (A) anogara ari maviri ne (T) uye (G) anogara ari maviri na (C). Izvi zvakakosha kana yave nguva yekukopa yese kana chikamu cheDNA.

Saka, kuti tipindure mubvunzo, chii chinonzi DNA? DNA ipurani yemolecular yechinhu chipenyu. DNA inogadzira RNA, uye RNA inogadzira mapuroteni, uye mapuroteni anoenda kuumba hupenyu. Iyi nzira yese yakaoma, yakaoma uye yemashiripiti uye yakavakirwa zvachose mumakemikari anogona kudzidzwa nekunzwisiswa.

Nzira yekuparadzanisa DNA Fragment?

SEZVATAkataura kuti DNA inogona kuongororwa uye kunzwisiswa, asi tingazviita sei? Masayendisiti anodzidza uye anotsvaga uye ozviongorora. Vanhu vanoshandisa gel electrophoresis kuparadzanisa DNA kuti iwedzere tsvakurudzo. Gel electrophoresis inyanzvi inoshandiswa kupatsanura zvidimbu zveDNA (kana mamwe macromolecules, akadai seRNA nemapuroteni) zvichienderana nehukuru uye mutero. Electrophoresis inosanganisira kumhanya ikozvino kuburikidza nejeri rine mamorekuru ekufarira. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwavo uye kubhadharisa, mamorekuru anozofamba nejeri munzira dzakasiyana kana nekumhanya kwakasiyana, zvichivabvumira kuti vaparadzaniswe kubva kune mumwe. Tichishandisa electrophoresis, tinogona kuona kuti zvingani zvakasiyana zvidimbu zveDNA zviripo mumuenzaniso uye kuti yakakura sei kune imwe neimwe.

Kana iwe uchida kuita gel electrophoresis, kutanga iwe unoda yakabatana yekuedza midziyo, iyo electrophoresis cell (tangi / chamber) uye simba rayo. Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza horizontal electrophoresis cell (tangi/chamber) modhiDYCP-31DNuye magetsi anopa muenzanisoDYY-6Dkubva kuBeijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd yeDNA gel electrophoresis.

Gel electrophoresis inosanganisira gel, iyo imhando yeJello-yakafanana zvinhu. Magero ekuparadzanisa kweDNA anowanzo shandiswa agarose, anouya seakaoma, ane hupfu. Kana iyo agarose inopisa mubuffer (mvura ine mamwe mamunyu mairi) uye yakabvumirwa kutonhora, inoumba gel rakasimba, zvishoma squishy. Payero yemamorekuru, gel matrix emamorekuru eagarose anobatwa pamwechete nehydrogen bond uye anoumba tuma pores.

Mufananidzo kubva kuKhan Academy

Mushure mekugadzira gel, isa gel mumutumbi wetangi re electrophoresis, wodira mushonga webuffer mutangi rebuffer kusvika wanyudza gel. Zvadaro sampuli dzeDNA dzinotakurwa mumatsime (indentations) kune imwe mugumo wejeri, uye magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kuvadhonza kuburikidza nejeri. Zvimedu zveDNA zvinopomerwa zvisina kunaka, saka zvinoenda kune electrode yakanaka. Nekuti zvese zvidimbu zveDNA zvine huwandu hwakafanana hwekuchaja pahuremu, zvidimbu zvidiki zvinofamba nemujeri nekukurumidza kupfuura zvihombe. Mushure mekushanda gel electrophoresis, zvidimbu zveDNA zvakaparadzaniswa; uye vatsvakurudzi vanogona kuongorora gel uye kuona kuti ndeapi masaizi emabhandi anowanikwa pairi. Kana gel yakasvibiswa neDNA-inosunga dhayi uye yakaiswa pasi peUV mwenje, zvidimbu zveDNA zvinopenya, zvichitibvumira kuona DNA iripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana pakureba kwegel.

Kunze kwemagetsi emagetsi (matangi/makamuri) uye magetsi, Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd inopawo UV transilluminator, iyo inogona kuona uye kutora mafoto eprotein neDNA electrophoresis gel. MuenzanisoWD-9403Binotakurika UV transilluminator yekutarisa DNA electrophoresis gel. MuenzanisoWD-9403Finogona kuona, tora mapikicha eese mapuroteni uye DNA gel.